List of Government Banks in India 2025

For decades, Indian government banks have been a symbol of trust and stability. Their wide reach, reliable services, and government backing form the backbone of the country's banking system. From rural to urban centres, they serve millions with essential banking services. From helping the elderly with pensions to offering low-interest agricultural loans, these banks support every corner of society. 

In recent years, many of them have merged or upgraded their services, making it even more important to understand their updated roles. Want to open an account, apply for a loan, or learn about the interest rates different banks offer? Knowing the top central government banks in India will be of great use to you. In this blog, you will learn about the role of government banks, the full list of govt banks in India, their services, and benefits.

Understanding Government Banks in India 2025

Government banks, also known as public sector banks or nationalised banks, are banks in which the government owns at least 51% of their shares.  The nationalisation of banks in India happened in two phases. The first one was in 1969 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced the nationalisation of 14 large private sector banks. The second one took place much later in 1980. This time, the government acquired six more private banks. Before that 7 SBI subsidiaries were also nationalised in 1959 after multiple mergers. 

In recent years, the number of public sector banks has now reduced. Currently, India has 12 government sector banks offering services nationwide. 

Evolution of Public Sector Banks in India 

Let us take a brief look at the history of public sector banks in India:

• In 1969, 14 major private banks were nationalised and transformed into public sector banks.
• After nationalisation, the public sector banks were expanded across the country with different branch networks operating in rural and remote areas. This made banking more accessible to society.
• Priority sector lending then directed a specific percentage of their lending to different sections, such as small-scale industries, agriculture, and marginalised sectors of society, promoting growth.
• Different schemes like financial literacy campaigns, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, and Mudra Yojana contributed to the development of banking services.
• Later systems such as online banking, digital payments and mobile banking were introduced, providing convenience to the general population.

List of Government Banks in India 2025

The following table lists the 12 nationalised banks that are currently operating in India: 

Top 10 Government Banks in India 2025

One of the most essential factors when choosing a bank is market capitalisation. It reflects the bank's strength and stability. Below is a public sector bank list operating in India. These are ranked according to the market cap and their branch network: 

*Market values are around estimates and subject to market fluctuations. Data accurate as of 7 February 2025.*

Overview of the Best 5 Government Banks in India

Let’s look into the details of the top banks:

1. SBI

Among all government banks, SBI stands as India’s largest government bank. It has over 45 crore customers. With 22,740 branches and an extensive ATM network, SBI is known for its strong presence across India. It plays a key role in delivering government schemes and also offers a wide range of financial services, including savings accounts, digital banking and loans.

• Year of establishment: 1955
• CEO: Challa Srinivasulu Shetty
• Services: Personal and business banking, FD, government schemes
• Customer reach: 24/7 support with wide branch access

2. Bank of Baroda

Bank of Baroda is a global public sector bank with a legacy dating back to 1908. From NRI banking in Forex to modern digital services, it is best known for its international reach and tech-forward approach.

• Year of establishment: 1908
• CEO: Debadutta Chand
• Market Cap: ₹113620 cr
• Branches: 8356
• Services: Retail and corporate banking, International transactions, and digital channels

3. Punjab National Bank

Established in 1894, PNB is one of India’s biggest government banks. With its branches across the country, the bank offers services like business loans, agricultural loans, personal banking, etc.

• Year of establishment: 1895
• CEO: Ashok Chandra
• Market cap: ₹114608 Cr
• Branches: 10168
• Services: personal banking, business loans, MSME banking, agricultural loans

4. Union Bank of India

Union Bank of India stands as one of India’s largest public sector banks with a strong focus on financial inclusion. Established in 1919, it has been a trusted choice for accessing key government schemes, such as PMAY and Jan Dhan Yojana.

• Year of establishment: 1919
• CEO: A Manimekhalai
• Services: Retail banking, MSME, lending, corporate services, public welfare schemes
• Market cap: ₹91,122 Cr
• Branches: 8572

5. Canara Bank

Canara Bank was established in 1906, and since then, it has emerged as a leader among public sector banks in India. It offers reliable services like mobile banking, UPI, payments, and an AI-enabled chatbot.

• Year of establishment: 1906
• CEO: K Satyanarayana Raju
• Services: Personal loans, home loans, digital tools, SME banking
• Support: 24/7 customer service and tech-enabled assistance
• Market cap: ₹86044 Cr
• Branches: 9816

Comparison: Government vs Private Banks

The choice between Government banks and private banks depends on the features they offer. The table below provides a comparison of the features of Public sector banks and Private sector banks: 

Advantages of Government Banks

Public sector banks offer the following advantages:

1. Financial Inclusion: Public sector banks help promote banking services in remote and rural areas.

2. Government Backing: These banks enjoy government support and confidence.

3. Long-term Financing: Public sector financing has long-term support for infrastructure projects.

4. Job Creation: Public sector banks have several job opportunities. Therefore, they contribute to employment generation in the country.

5. Stability: Public sector banks enjoy stability during economic ups and downs due to government backing and regulations.

Government Bank Mergers After 2020

Below is a list of public sector banks that merged in 2020. This merger was done to improve customer service and for efficient banking operations. 

Top Government Banks Based on 5-year Returns

Providing financial services is not the only primary function of government banks. They also provide investment opportunities through their stocks. The table below provides the Central government bank list of the top five banks based on their stock performance in the last five years: 

Conclusion

With 12 strong government banks running across India, public sector banks continue to offer reliable services for a wide audience. They are known for their safety, large branches, stable services, and support for government schemes. If you are planning to open a new account or switch banks, one of the banks from the top government bank list might just be the right fit. Choosing the right one depends on what suits your needs the best. 

Also Read: List of Small Finance Bank Personal Loan in 2025